Rice Non-woven Seedling Technology

1. Seedling preparation (1) Supplies available for nursery
(2) Choose a suitable nursery site
Since dry seedlings only maintain the moist state of the soil throughout the seedling raising process and never establish a water layer seedling raising method, non-woven seedlings are often selected for dry seedlings.
In order to meet the conditions of dry and natural conditions, we must choose a land with flat terrain, high dryness, convenient drainage, and sunny leewardness. Subject to conditions, only in areas where Honda grows seedlings, it is also necessary to select land plots with a relatively high topography and build high platforms to strive to achieve the above-mentioned conditions for dry conditions.
(3) Choose a suitable breeding method
Normal dry seedlings, floppy seedlings, isolation seedlings, seedlings seedlings.
(4) Determine the area of ​​Putian and make beds for soil preparation
Based on the size of Honda and the percentage of Honda Honda's selected breeding methods, the area of ​​Hokota can be calculated. Putian area = Honda area × 秧 Honda area
Nursery Beds = Putian Area ÷ Net Bedding Per Bed
For example, with the common dry seedling raising method, the net sown area per bed is 22.5 square meters, ie the bed net length is 15 meters, the net sowing width is 1.5 meters, and 1 hectare (15 acres) is raised. The rice seedlings required for Honda are: Putian area = 15 acres × 1/70 ≈ 143 square meters
Nursery beds = 143 m2 ÷ 22.5 m2 ≈ 6.5
Putian site preparation is best carried out in the autumn of last year. This will not only improve the soil ripening effect and nutrient release capacity, but also alleviate the tension between spring farm work and labor shortage. When you sit in bed in the spring, you must try your best to advance as soon as possible. Land preparation and squatting are all carried out under water-free conditions, that is to say, dry lands and dry beds. First, the land will be finely screeded and then ditched to sit on the bed. The bed width 1.8-2.0 meters, height 10-15 cm, bed length can be determined according to nursery conditions and non-woven specifications, generally 10-15 meters, drain depth 10 cm. When raising seedlings in high dry fields and garden fields, you can sit on a flat bed or a bed with a slight height. For a fixed paddy field, perennial organic fertilizers should be added as per the method of sports seedlings, in order to supplement the soil and nutrients that rice seedlings absorb and take away.
2. Seed treatment
(1) Selection and drying
Selection. Including winnowing, screening and brine selection. Flotation can remove cereals and light-weight impurities; screening can remove broken rice, sand and other impurities; brine selection can further remove cereals, diseased grains, etc., so that the seeds reach fullness evenly, so as to ensure that the seedlings grow neatly consistent. The key to salt selection is to have a proper proportion of salt water. The proportion of brine used for rice selection is 1.10 to 1.13, and there is a lower limit for mango seeds and an upper limit for awnless or short-horned seeds. The specific preparation method is: 100 kg of fresh water plus salt 20-25 kg, stirring dissolved and measured with a pycnometer. If you do not have a pycnometer, you can replace it with fresh eggs. It is advisable to put fresh eggs in the solution to reveal a 5-cent coin size. Saline salt selection should pay attention to the following points: First, fast operation. The time from putting the seeds into the salt water and removing the foliar floating on it should not exceed 5 minutes, otherwise the light seeds will also absorb water and sink; secondly, the concentration of the solution should be determined at any time during multiple consecutive operations. If the specific gravity decreases, add salt to restore it to its original concentration.
Shaizhong. The method is to select sunny days before soaking seeds, pour the seeds on a tarpaulin or concrete floor, evenly lay 3-4 cm thick, and turn it over and turn it lightly to make the seeds evenly exposed to light. Generally, it should be dried for 1-2 days. Do not prick the seed coat when turning the seed. When the temperature is high enough for sunlight, the number of seeds to be turned is increased to prevent prolonged exposure. Cover it at night to prevent cold temperatures. Be careful not to get wet.
(2) Do a germination test
When germination tests are conducted, different varieties, or different origins of the same variety, or seeds purchased at different times should be carried out separately. If it is done at the same time, mark it separately. The test seeds must be representative, ie they should be randomly sampled at different parts of the seed pile (or bag) and then mixed thoroughly for germination test. When the seeds are large and the variety is large, germination is performed using a thermostat or a fire pot. Take 50 or 100 test seeds and put them on a bud or a dish such as a filter bowl or bowl covered with filter paper (or absorbent cotton), add enough water, cover the filter paper or gauze, and place it in a thermostat or a fire bowl. Keep the temperature at 28-30°C for germination. On the third and seventh days, the number of germinated seeds was investigated and the germination rate and germination power were calculated. When the amount of the test seed is small and the variety is small, the thermos bottle can be used for germination. About 100 seeds were soaked in warm water at 30°C for 3 hours and placed in a small gauze bag leaving a line at the pocket. The thermos bottle is filled with half a bottle of 30-35°C warm water, and the seed bag is hung on the surface of the thermos bottle. The stopper is warmed and replaced with 1-2 times of warm water every day. Usually 2-3 days can be budding. After germination tests, germination rates of more than 90% can be used for production. When the germination rate is slightly lower, it is necessary to increase the broadcast volume accordingly. Seeds with a germination rate of less than 80% cannot be used and must be replaced promptly.
(3) Soaking and germination
Soaking and disinfection. The commonly used and effective method is to put the seed into a good water-permeable woven bag or a special net bag for soaking. After immersing in clean water of about 18° C., it can suck enough water for 4 to 6 days. Stir and change water once every 1-2 days. When the embryos and endosperm, the swelling of the embryos, and the endosperm were softly visible through the glume of rice seeds, the rest of the peeled husks could be crushed by hand, indicating that the seeds had absorbed enough water.
Treating rice seeds with a special effect seed disinfectant can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria adhering to rice seeds and prevent infectious diseases such as rice seedlings, bakanae disease and bacterial blight at the seedling stage. Disinfection and soaking should be carried out at the same time. Disinfectants should be dissolved in soaking water according to the instructions for use, soaking a certain amount of seeds.
Germination. Germination is the process of artificially creating suitable water, gas, and heat conditions to promote the concentrated and neat germination of rice seeds. Under the same other conditions, germination sowing faster than non-germination sowing seedlings faster than 3 days, and the seedlings are neat and consistent, seedlings increased by 5% -10%. Therefore, no matter what kind of seedlings are used, they should be sown and then sown. Rice seeds can be germinated after strict disinfection and sufficient soaking of sufficient water.
The scale of germination is to reach the seeds and break the chest, and the radicle and germ length do not exceed 2 mm. The basic technology of germination is "high-temperature rupture of the chest, appropriate temperature germination, low temperature air-blasting." Germination should be fast, homogeneous, and strong. The fast is to quickly germinate, 2-3 days to complete, including the need to break the chest 1-2 days, the appropriate temperature germination requires about 12 hours; Qi is to be more than 90% of the rice germination standards; uniform refers to the roots and buds are neat Consistent; strong refers to short and thick root buds, length within 2 mm.
3. Seeding (1) Determine the reasonable sowing date and sowing volume
Sowing date: Generally speaking, the dates from the scheduled transplanting dates for rice seedlings after the seedling growth days, that is, the dates after the seedling age, are the sowing dates. For example, if you plan to transplant on May 20 and the age of the plague is 35 days, then the pushback of 35 days from May 20 is April 15, which is the sowing date. The rice transplanting in our province is mainly based on medium-sized seedlings, and the pod age is 30-35 days.
(2) Preparation of nutritious soil
Nutrition soil composition. The nutrient soil is made up of a mixture of soil, fertilizer, and maggots. The soil for home and garden use or soil for dry fields must be well-structured, organic matter content should be above 2%, complete nutrients, no pathogenic eggs, no salt, no weeds. Fertilizers should be adequately cooked. Should be stacked in advance in the previous summer, 60% -70% of the soil, fertilizer 30% -40% of the amount of mixing. In areas rich in peat resources, fermented peat can be added in large quantities to the soil.
The nursery nutrient soil is prepared on the day or the day before sowing. The specific approach is to filter the soil and fertilizer with a 5-8mm pore size sieve, and then combine the amount of nutritious soil with the method of sports seedlings according to the instructions for use of the Zanthoxylum, and fully mix the ZhuangXing agent with the soil and fertilizer. If there is agglomeration phenomenon of the strong stimulant used, it should be mixed into the soil and agricultural fertilizer according to the specified proportion, and then sieved together.
Nutrition soil preparation method and dosage. Due to different brands of bran-strength agents and different methods of raising seedlings, the proportion of bran-strengthening agent and agricultural fertilizer is also different. The following uses 2.5 kg per bag of “Guangyu” brand rice seedlings as an example to specify the methods of nutrient soil preparation for various nursery methods.
Ordinary dry nursery: Based on the pre-application of agricultural fertilizer in the top soil of the seedbed, each small bag and 15 kilograms of sifted soil and fertilizer are fully mixed and mixed into nutritious soil and applied to a 20-22.5 square meter seedbed.
The floppy seedlings: Each sachet of strength agent and about 360 kg of soil and fertilizer are mixed and stirred to form a nursery nutrient soil, which is loaded into 90 floppy disks, with an average of about 4 kilograms per plate.
Isolation layer nursery: each small bag of strong agent and 270-360 kg of soil, agricultural fertilizer fully mixed into a nursery nutrition soil, evenly spread on 15 square meters seedbed. Seedlings for seedlings: Each sachet of strong seedlings and about 280 kilograms of soil and fertilizer are mixed and mixed to form a nursery nutrient soil, which is loaded into 150 casting trays, with an average of 1.8-1.9 kilograms per plate.
(3) Seeding procedure
Ordinary dry nursery
Sit on the bed. In the nursery preparation stage, sit on the ground and use a tweezers to pry out the larger piece of soil in the 10cm soil layer of the bedtop and break it up to make the topsoil layer finely crushed, soft and flat, and build a 5cm high concrete bed around the bed. Water side leakage.
Fertilizer and nutrient soil. According to the proportion of 20 kilograms per square meter of seedbed, adequately fertilized agricultural fertilizer was evenly spread on the bed surface, and then repeatedly twisted with a rake to make it evenly mixed into 10 cm topsoil. Then sprinkle prepared nutritious soil. Mix it in a 2 cm soil layer on the bed with tweezers.
Watering. One day before seeding, the footbed was poured with enough water to reach the bed surface and connect with the lower fluvo-aquic soil. In order to avoid flushing the bed surface out of the pit when watering, it is necessary to use a fast-moving watering can to move quickly and repeatedly. When the seedbed area is large, a small sprinkler should be used. In the Honda nursery, if the original humidity of the seedbed is relatively large, it is not appropriate to water it again.
Sowing and covering earth. Adhere to the principle of dilute broadcasting and breeding. Dry seedlings sow about 180 grams per square meter. Seeds should be sown and then soaked or pressed with a pestle or smooth wooden board after sowing so that the seeds can be ploughed on three sides. Then evenly cover a layer of 0.5 cm thick screened loose fine soil. Do not use nutrient-rich soil or clay as cover soil.
Closed grass, stamped plastic film. Take 1.2% Dingbu powder as an example, mix every 250g of powder with 2.0kg of moist finely screened fine soil, spread it on a 20m2 seedbed after 2 hours of boring, and receive good weeding effect. Such trapping agents for nursery beds are particularly suitable for application when young farmers in small paddy fields grow seedlings. When the nursery area is relatively large, it can be blocked with an aqueous solution of butachlor, but it must be strictly controlled according to the instructions. Immediately after weeding is closed, the bed covers a layer equal to the width of the bed, slightly longer than the bed of ultra-thin plastic film, in order to facilitate the warming and protecting the clams, to promote early emergence, rapid emergence. After emergence, promptly remove this layer of plastic film to prevent high temperature burning seedlings.
The floppy seedlings are flattened and the bottom water is poured. The nursery bed on which the floppy disk is placed is also called a bed. Before sowing, in addition to breaking the soil in the surface of the bed, the key is to make the bed level. If the bumps are uneven, the bottom of the floppy disk cannot fully contact with the bed, making the seedlings uneven. In addition, the length and breadth of the bed should be uniform, the width should be slightly larger than the length of the disc tray, and the length should be an integral multiple of the width of the frame. The bed must be irrigated, the same way as ordinary nursery.
Put the plate, install nutrition soil, replenish water. Swing plate with two metal frames. Only one frame is placed horizontally on the bed. One frame is placed at one end of the seedbed and the other frame is placed next to it. Then put the nursery film into the frame and fold the four sides to form a floppy disk. Make the floppy disk fully in contact with the bed. The prepared nutritious soil in the pan is to be filled and the excess scraped with a wooden board. Take out the two frames and place the other two sets of disks and load the soil. In this way, the plate is placed on the other side of the bed and filled with nutritious soil. Finally, use a watering can to irrigate the nutrient soil. If you accidentally flush the pothole when you water it, you need to fill it with nutritious soil.
sowing. Also adhere to the principle of thin broadcasting. Hand-planted pods sow 60-80 grams of seeds for each sowing, and 60 grams for dry seeds; when transplanting seedlings, 120 grams of seeds are sown per seed and 100 grams of seeds are sown.
Cover soil, seal grass, cover film, with ordinary dry nursery.
Isolation layer nursery
The isolation seedling seedling seeding procedure is basically the same as the floppy seedling seedlings. The difference is the use of perforated plastic film or woven bags (also called glass silk bags, snake skin bags) instead of floppy disks for the nursery carrier. The isolation layer has the effects of water seepage, air permeability and temperature increase, and salt alkali resistance, and is particularly suitable for low seedling Honda and saline-alkali land use. The cost is low and the effect is good.
When punching, first enclose the plastic sheet with a certain thickness, and then use a hollow punch with an aperture of 4-5 mm to punch the hole with a pitch of 3 cm x 3 cm, and then pour the hole in the plastic sheet. On the permeable bed, the soil is sowed and the seeds are sown.
Seedlings throwing seedlings The length and breadth of the throwing discs currently on the market are relatively fixed, ie 600 mm long and 330 mm wide. However, the weight of a single disc, the number of carcasses, and the depth of carcasses are not the same. The lighter the weight of the single plate is, the thinner and softer the chassis is, and the durability is poor. The more pods and the deeper the pods are, the less nutrient soil capacity is, which is not conducive to cultivating strong and strong. However, with a small number of carcasses, the number of discs per unit area Honda needs will increase, which will increase the cost of raising seedlings. Practice has proved that it is suitable for the actual rice production in our province. The most widely used casting disc specifications are: 561 carcasses per pan, carcass depth 18 mm, upper diameter 18-19 mm, bottom diameter 12 mm, small hole diameter 3 Mm, single disc weighing 53±1 g. When buying a disc, you must pay attention to its quality. The body is shallow or broken, and even the hole is large and numerous, and the plate is too thin, although the price may be lower, but once it is used for raising the seedlings, not only the seedling rate is low, the quality of the seedling is poor, and it is not durable, and it is often not worth the candle.
The actual amount of discs used for raising seedlings can be calculated according to the following formula: the number of pans per acre required = the planned number of transplanted holes per acre, and the number of carcasses per acre (1+10%). In the formula, 10% is the part that increases due to factors such as missed seeding and seedling deficiency. For example, if you plan to transplant 133,000 holes per acre and use a 561 volume disk, the number of plates used per acre is 24.
Seeder sowing. First put 70% of the nutritious soil in the pan, and then put the seeds into a special planter. According to the instructions for use, align the carcass and sow seeds. The advantage of planting with a sower is that the number of seeds in the pan is even, the sowing depth is consistent, and the seedlings are emerged. neat.
(4) Covering non-woven fabrics
Arch cover. According to the practice of opening and closing the agricultural film seedlings with wide beds in the local area, after inserting the skeleton, cover the non-woven fabrics, tightly press the soil around them, and then reins. For the new racks, the burrs must be scraped. When the shed is inserted, the curvature of the shed is smaller than that of the agricultural film. The closer to the trapezoid, the better the leakage effect will be. The reins should not be too fine or too rough to avoid breaking the woven fabric.
Free skeleton tile coverage. The method is to build a 10-15 cm thick soil around the bed, then lay the non-woven fabric flat and place it on the sides with the soil tightly pressed.绊 Wind ropes and other reference seedlings.
4. Putian Management
Non-woven seedlings do not need to be artificially exhaled to practice seedlings. The management of temperature in Putian management is very easy and simple with respect to agricultural film growing. In addition, the incidence of bruising rarely occurs. Therefore, it is sufficient to pay attention to water rehydration, timely evacuation of the soil, and if necessary top dressing and disease prevention.
(1) film and water
The water use efficiency of the non-woven seedlings is high, and the total number of waterings in the seedling stage is less than that of the agricultural film seedlings. In case the seedlings are not properly handled, the bed soil will be sprayed directly on the cloth with insufficient water, uneven water and white topsoil. In the Honda or low-lying plots of seedlings, such as bed soil too wet or even water, need to open the bed mulch to dry bed moisture, prevent rotten buds of bad species, in order to promote root development.
When you make up your water, you have to make it through; in the morning or in the evening, avoid the high temperature at noon. At the same time to use the water after the drying, so as to avoid "cold water pouring hot head"; the third is to use a fine spray can spray and can not flood irrigation.
When the rice seedlings come out of their heads, they must take out the mulch film laid on the surface of the bed, and then restore the compaction.
(2) Dressing
Once rice leaf color yellowish, slow growth and other symptoms of fertilizer deficiency can be added by spraying 1% ammonium sulfate solution. The amount of solution should be controlled between 2 and 5 kilograms per square meter of seedbed according to the degree of deficiency. According to this method, the "fertility fertilizer" can be applied to the fertilizer-free seedbed before transplanting. Pay attention to the fertilizer solution should be sprayed evenly. After spraying, rinse with water twice to prevent burning seedlings.
(3) Prevention and control of damping-off takes prevention as the main method, including preparing high-standard seedling nutrition soil with suitable ph value, creating favorable conditions for root development of rice seedlings, strengthening seedbed temperature and humidity management and nutrient management, and fostering robust disease resistance seedling. In addition, good control effects can also be obtained with appropriate specific agents.
(4) Extermination and killing of weeds
Detergents can be made of special rodenticides to kill or kill rodents with rodent trapping tools; killing can use 5% of zinc phosphorus 0.5 kg mixed with the appropriate amount of cooked glutinous rice and sprinkle a small amount on the bed. You can also fry the glutinous rice or cornmeal, mix evenly with the appropriate amount of dissolved trichlorfon or dichlorvos, and then divide it into several small heaps in the evening to be trapped by the seedbed. The effect is ideal.
5. Non-woven nursery notes
(1) Selection of special nonwovens for rice nursery
When used for rice seedlings, special special non-woven fabrics must be used, that is, in accordance with the fz/t 64004-1993 regulations. Polypropylene fiber-based sections are used as raw materials, and the spunbond method is used for hot-pressing, and the quality is ≥35 g/sq. Meter, Width ≥ 2.1 meters, and anti-aging treatment of filament nonwovens. The dosage is generally based on the length, which is 1 meter longer than the seedbed length. Must not be the same as general industrial non-woven fabrics for nursery special non-woven rice.
(2) Strictly preparing nursery nutritious soil
Using non-woven covering nursery techniques, unless abnormally hot weather, the entire breeding period is not exposed, and no longer top-dressing. For this purpose, nutritious soil with sufficient nutrients and reasonable ratio must be formulated with high-quality rice seedlings and strong agents (also known as modulators) that meet the requirements of db 21/1168-2000 and have both nutrition, acid adjustment, disinfection, and chemical control functions. To ensure that a fertilization meets the nutrient requirements of the seedlings throughout the field.
(3) Strict seed germination and pre-assisted warming
Insulation effect of special non-woven fabrics for rice nursery is not as good as that of agricultural film. In order to ensure early, full, and uniform seedling emergence, seed germination should be strictly followed according to the requirements of the code of practice, and the second is to ensure that the film is covered on the surface of the bed in the early stage of nursery or outside the greenhouse. Cover old agricultural film to improve insulation effect.
(4) Timely release of auxiliary warming measures
When the seedlings stand between the head and the head, they must remove the mulch film on the bed surface and remove the mulch film or the old agricultural film.
(5) timely watering
Rice non-woven cover seedling raising technology has improved the utilization of water, including natural precipitation, in the field. In order to further conserve water and ensure even watering, watering cans should be used, and the water can be poured directly on the cloth. If the arc of the arch is too large and water leakage is poor, watering should be exposed.
(6) When flexibly grasping the timing of exposing the crops, it is necessary to pay special attention to changes in the outside air temperature to avoid the high temperatures leading to leggings in non-woven sheds. According to specific circumstances, timely disclosure. If the outside temperature is low, the seedlings will not grow strong, and they may be exposed later; if the outside air temperature is too high and the seedlings grow too busy, they should be properly exposed; if the temperature in the shed continues to exceed 28°C, the cloth should be withdrawn.

Breathable Cotton Canvas Tarps are made from 100% natural cotton canvas fabrics, the tarps are China Small Canvas Tarp. These tarps are cotton materials so they will eventually shrink or stretch. the shrinkage will depend on the amount of exposure it gets. when constantly exposed to humidity, rain and uv rays, canvas tarps will eventually shrink. canvas tarps are not very resistant to stretching, tearing and ripping. Do not put too much tension on the grommets when securing this cover on an item. The cotton carps covered wax , these products not recommended for car or boat covers , The wax on the canvas may be wiped off . For boat or car covers, please use Polyester Canvas Tarps or ready-made boat covers. These Heavy Duty Canvas Tarps are great for construction tarps,oil field equipment tarps, power generation equipment tarps.

Cotton Canvas Tarps

Small Canvas Tarp,Black Canvas Tarp,Cotton Canvas Tarp,Custom Canvas Tarps

Shandong Lufan Technical Textiles Co.,LTD , https://www.lufan-tarps.com