Basic yarn knowledge

Basic yarn knowledge (-)
Yarn is a continuous linear object made from various textile fibers. It is thin and soft, and has the basic properties required for textile processing and final product use. Yarn is mainly used for weaving woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics, and some non-woven fabrics. A few of these yarns are directly in the form of linear textiles, such as various types of sewing threads, pile threads, embroidery threads, cords, and cords.
Yarn according to raw material

1. Pure-spun yarns Purely spun yarns consist of the same type of fiber, such as cotton yarn, wool yarn, viscose fiber yarn, acrylic yarn, polyester yarn, nylon yarn, and so on.
Second, blended (mixed fiber) yarn blended or cross-linked yarn is composed of two or more fibers, such as polyester/cotton blended yarn, wool/polyester blended yarn, wool/nitrile blended yarn , polyester/viscose/nitrile blended yarns, silk/cotton yarns, etc. There are two or more types of short fiber spun yarns, which are called blended yarns; and yarns that are made of two or more types of filament yarns (such as twisting) are called mixed fiber yarns. Its blending is as follows:
Xa=Wa/W*100% where Xa is the content of a component fiber, Wa is the weight of the component fiber, and W is the weight of the blended yarn, which can be divided into seven series according to the physical properties and the use characteristics of the yarn.
Series I. Short fiber yarns Short fiber yarns are yarns made from a variety of short fibers as raw materials through a spinning process. Usually, the short fibers are firstly spun into single yarns through a short fiber spinning system, and then several single yarns are combined and twisted into strands. If several strands are further combined and twisted, they become reclaimed. Strands and strands are used on wool fabrics. Which of the single yarns, strands, and retanning strands is used in a fabric must be determined according to the design requirements and the characteristics of the fabric.
Series II, continuous filament yarn (filament or filament)
1. Silk filament yarns are made from cocoon silk on silkworm cocoons. After the cocoon process, the continuous filaments obtained by multiple bundles of cocoon filaments are called cocoon filament yarns because they contain sericin, commonly known as raw silk, and factory yarn. After a number of filaments are combined and twisted, a silk thread is formed. Silk filament is an important raw material for the silk industry and is mainly used for the processing of various kinds of silk fabrics.
2. Chemical Fiber Filament Yarn Chemical fiber filament yarns are bundled and formed into yarns at the same time as the fibers are formed. It is not necessary to use the short fiber spinning technology to first aggregate the fibers into yarns as in the case of chemical short fibers, and then weave them into yarns. For all kinds of fabrics, compared with the former, the former has a high production efficiency, and although the filament yarns and the spun yarns made of the same kind of fiber have a great difference in style.
The fiber-forming polymer passes through the spinneret to form a continuous filament. The number of filaments contained in the filament depends on the number of orifices on the spinneret. Single-hole filament yarn is ejected from a single orifice spinneret. (commonly known as glass fiber), that is, single hole silk, it can be used to weave fabrics with strong transparency. The filament yarn made of multi-hole spinneret is called multifilament filament yarn, or multifilament for short. After the multifilament filament yarns are twisted, they are formed by twisted filament yarns, which are then combined and twisted to form strands. Since the strands are composed of filaments, they are also known as filaments. Retanning silk thread.
Series three, strand

Yarns formed by aggregating two or more single yarns by means of a combination of twisting and twisting are called strands, or simply lines. If necessary, multiple strands can be again gathered into another yarn by means of combined twisting. Such yarns are called retanning strands. The single yarns used to form the strands may be either spun yarns or filament yarns; they may be of the same fiber material, they may be of different fiber materials, they may be the same as the spun yarns, or they may not be the same. .
Series IV. Filament/staple composite yarns composed of a combination of short fibers and filament yarns A composite yarn consisting of bundles of staple fibers and filament yarns. The typical product is a core-spun yarn. It is generally composed of two different yarns. The fiber composition, the formation of the coating may be a filament fiber wrapped on the short fiber yarn core, it may be short fiber coated on the filament yarn core, the product obtained by the yarn forming method has various components The characteristics of the fiber, and get a special appearance effect. For example, a polyester/cotton core yarn is used to weave burnt fabrics. When the cotton fibers in the fabric (pattern portion) coated on the outer surface of the polyester filament yarn are acid-decomposed, only the polyester core yarn skeleton (polyester fiber) is left. In the acid solution, the performance is stable), so that a strong three-dimensional pattern can be formed on the surface of the fabric; for example, if an elastic filament is used as an inner core, the cotton fiber is wrapped around it, and the yarn is woven into such a yarn. The fabrics are both comfortable and flexible. With the improvement of spinning technology, the combination of short-fiber and long-filament fibers into a yarn has resulted in the formation of a parallel combination of filament yarns and short fibers, which can provide both filament yarns and spun yarns. Style characteristics, suitable for taking into account the respective advantages of different fibers and different aggregate forms.
Series 5. The application of fancy yarns or fancy yarns is based on the decorative effect. It is usually the use of staple yarns or filament yarns for irregular twisting and merging so that the yarns are not obtained. Continuous, periodic patterns. Fancy yarns are generally composed of core, decorative and bonded wires and require specialized processing equipment or special processes to make them. The most common fancy yarns are: (1) Jingxian, (2) spiral flower line, (3) bamboo flower line, (4) terry flower line, (5) knot flower line, (6) chenille thread , (7) diamond-shaped metal strands and so on. Various types of fancy yarns can be used to form a variety of styles based on their raw material composition, appearance, feel, and thickness of yarns, and are widely used in apparel, decorative fabrics and hand-knotted lines.
Series VI, textured yarn

The yarn made of common chemical fibers lacks bulkiness and covering properties, and it is difficult to achieve soft and elastic clothing requirements; but chemical fibers, especially synthetic fibers, have the characteristics of structural properties that can be adjusted and controlled. New style products, deformation yarn is. The processing principle is a kind of yarn with high degree of loftiness and elasticity made by utilizing plastic fiber deformation characteristics after being heated.
The formed yarns come in two forms. One is spun yarns that are mainly bulky, or simply bulked yarns. Its characteristics are volume bulkiness, feel soft, and has a high degree of compression elasticity, such as acrylic expanded spun yarn; the other is the pursuit of flexible elastic filament yarn, referred to as elastic yarn, in a small load external force role It can have large elongation deformation and deformation recovery ability. According to the elastic deformation capacity of elastic wire is divided into high elastic yarn and low elastic yarn, high elastic yarn is mainly made of nylon filament as raw material, stretching elastic large, covering performance is good, suitable for making tights, sweaters, pants and other supplies; low The elastic yarn is mainly made of polyester filament yarn, and a few of them are made of polypropylene, nylon and other synthetic fibers. It has a certain ability of telescopic deformation, but is far lower than that of high elastic yarn. It provides basically the appearance effect of ordinary filament yarn, but Soft touch, can be used as ordinary clothing. In addition, there are some textured yarns (such as air-textured yarn) made by other deformation processing methods. Most of them are used to imitate certain characteristics of natural fibers to make up for the appearance, texture, durability, etc. of ordinary synthetic fiber clothing. Inadequacies.
Series VII, other yarn simple summary introduction:
Some yarns that are used in industries, agriculture, military, etc., for the purpose of meeting special needs, such as cords (for tire linings), sewing threads, rubber threads, glass threads, film flat threads, various types of cords, etc. Wait.
First, yarn yarn count calculation method 1. Unit (1), fixed length system:
A. Turks: The mass in grams of a yarn with a length of 1,000 meters at a given moisture regain is called a special number.
Formula: Ntex = (G/L) × 1000
Where: G is the weight of the yarn (g) and L is the length of the yarn (m)
B. Denier: The mass in grams of a 9,000-meter-long yarn at a given moisture regain is called the denier.
Formula: Nden=(G/L)×9000
Where: G is the weight of the wire (g) and L is the length of the wire (m)
(2) Fixed weight system:

A. Public Branch (public branch): The length of meters that a gram of yarn (silk) has.
Formula: Nm=L/G
In the formula: 1 is the length of the yarn (millimeter), and G is the weight of the yarn (g).
B. English (English): The number of 840-yard lengths that a 1-lb yarn has.
Formula: Ne=(L/G)×840
In the formula: L is the length (code) of the yarn (silk), and G is the weight (pound) of the yarn (silk).
2, unit conversion
A. Special Ntex and Imperial Count Ne
Ne=C/Ntex (C is constant, chemical fiber is 590.5, cotton fiber is 583, if the blended yarn can be calculated according to the mixing ratio, such as: T/JC(65/35) 45S yarn C=590.5*65% +583*35%=588, then can be calculated according to the formula)
B. Inch count Ne and metric count Nm
Purification fiber: Ne=0.5905Nm pure cotton: Ne=0.583Nm
Blended yarns: such as T/JC(65/35)45S Ne=(0.5905*65%+0.583*35%)Nm
3, special number Ntex and metric Nm
Ntex ×Nm=1000
4, special Ntex and denier Nden
Nden=9*Ntex
Second, the degree of twist and twist coefficient
1. Twist: Number of turns in the unit length of the yarn. The Tex Tex of the cotton yarn and the cotton-based chemical fiber yarn is expressed by the number of turns within the length of 10 cm of the yarn; the inch Te of the British system is expressed by the number of turns of 1 inch. The twist Tm of the worsted yarn and chemical fiber filament is expressed as the number of turns per meter. The relationship of the above method is:
Ttex=3.937Te= Nm/10 Te=0.254 Ttex=0.0254Tm
There are two kinds of Z and S. The single yarn in the single yarn is twisted after the single yarn is twisted. The direction of winding back is from bottom to top and right to left. It is called S捻; from bottom to top, it is called Z捻 from left to right.
The representation of strands is roundabout. The first letter indicates the direction of the single yarn and the second letter indicates the direction of the strand. After two twisted strands, the first letter indicates the direction of the single yarn, the second letter indicates the initial twist, and the third letter indicates the direction of the retake. For example, the single yarn is Z, and For S, retracement is Z 捻 股 股 股 股 股, and 捻 以 is represented by ZSZ.
2.捻 coefficient special number 捻 coefficient αtex=Ttex* Ntex1/2
Inch Coefficient αe= Te/ Ne1/2
Metric Coefficient αm= Tm/ Nm1/2
The relationship between the special number coefficient αtex and the inch coefficient αe is:
Αtex=Ttex* Ntex1/2= Te/2.54*10*5831/2 *Ne1/2 (583 is the coefficient of pure cotton varieties. For the blended and chemical fiber yarns, please refer to the variation between the special number and the English conversion constant C)
Third, the yarn strength and single yarn breaking strength Single yarn strength: The force required to pull off a single yarn, called single yarn strength or single yarn strength, the unit is cattle (N), centigrade cattle (CN).
Single yarn breaking strength: The ratio of single yarn strength P to yarn specific number Ntex is Km or cN/tex
Fourth, the standard weight of textile materials in the public moisture regain or fixed moisture content called the "standard weight"
The relationship between the standard weight of textile materials and the nominal weight under actual moisture regain is:
Standard weight = weight * (100 + nominal moisture regain) / (100 + actual moisture regain)
The calculation of the standard weight in production. The material is often dried first and calculated according to the dry weight. The formula is as follows:
Standard weight = material dry weight * (100 + nominal moisture regain) / 100

Duvet Cover

Duvet Cover,Duvet Covers,Quilt Covers,Duvet Sets

Changxing Xingang Textile Co.,Ltd , https://www.xingangtextile.com